Đáp Án Và Giải Thích Why Companies Should Welcome Disorder | IELTS Reading Practice @ dol.vn - Học Tiếng Anh Tư Duy - Nội dung Free

Làm bài

IELTS Reading Practice Test - Why companies should welcome disorder

Why companies should welcome disorder

A
A. Organisation is big business. Whether it is of our lives - all those inboxes and calendars - or how companies are structured, a multi-billion dollar industry helps to meet this need. We have more strategies for time management, project management and self-organisation than at any other time in human history. We are told that we ought to organise our company, our home life, our week, our day and even our sleep, all as a means to becoming more productive. Every week, countless seminars and workshops take place around the world to tell a paying public that they ought to structure their lives in order to achieve this.

This rhetoric has also crept into the thinking of business leaders and entrepreneurs, much to the delight of self-proclaimed perfectionists with the need to get everything right. The number of business schools and graduates has massively increased over the past 50 years, essentially teaching people how to organise well.
B
B. Ironically, however, the number of businesses that fail has also steadily increased. Work-related stress has increased. A large proportion of workers from all demographics claim to be dissatisfied with the way their work is structured and the way they are managed.

This begs the question: what has gone wrong? Why is it that on paper the drive for organisation seems a sure shot for increasing productivity, but in reality falls well short of what is expected?
C
C. This has been a problem for a while now. Frederick Taylor was one of the forefathers of scientific management. Writing in the first half of the 20th century, he designed a number of principles to improve the efficiency of the work process, which have since become widespread in modern companies. So the approach has been around for a while.
D
D. New research suggests that this obsession with efficiency is misguided. The problem is not necessarily the management theories or strategies we use to organise our work; it's the basic assumptions we hold in approaching how we work. Here it's the assumption that order is a necessary condition for productivity. This assumption has also fostered the idea that disorder must be detrimental to organisational productivity. The result is that businesses and people spend time and money organising themselves for the sake of organising, rather than actually looking at the end goal and usefulness of such an effort.
E
E. What's more, recent studies show that order actually has diminishing returns. Order does increase productivity to a certain extent, but eventually the usefulness of the process of organisation, and the benefit it yields, reduce until the point where any further increase in order reduces productivity. Some argue that in a business, if the cost of formally structuring something outweighs the benefit of doing it, then that thing ought not to be formally structured. Instead, the resources involved can be better used elsewhere.
F
F. In fact, research shows that, when innovating, the best approach is to create an environment devoid of structure and hierarchy and enable everyone involved to engage as one organic group. These environments can lead to new solutions that, under conventionally structured environments (filled with bottlenecks in terms of information flow, power structures, rules, and routines) would never be reached.
G
G. In recent times companies have slowly started to embrace this disorganisation. Many of them embrace it in terms of perception ( embracing the idea of disorder, as opposed to fearing it) and in terms of process (putting mechanisms in place to reduce structure).

 For example, Oticon, a large Danish manufacturer of hearing aids, used what it called a 'spaghetti' structure in order to reduce the organisation's rigid hierarchies. This involved scrapping formal job titles and giving staff huge amounts of ownership over their own time and projects. This approach proved to be highly successful initially, with clear improvements in worker productivity in all facets of the business.

In similar fashion, the former chairman of General Electric embraced disorganisation, putting forward the idea of the 'boundary less' organisation. Again, it involves breaking down the barriers between different parts of a company and encouraging virtual collaboration and flexible working. Google and a number of other tech companies have embraced (at least in part) these kinds of flexible structures, facilitated by technology and strong company values which glue people together. 
H
H. A word of warning to others thinking of jumping on this bandwagon: the evidence so far suggests disorder, much like order, also seems to have diminishing utility, and can also have detrimental effects on performance if overused. Like order, disorder should be embraced only so far as it is useful. But we should not fear it - nor venerate one over the other. This research also shows that we should continually question whether or not our existing assumptions work.

Paragraph A

What people are increasingly expected to do

Paragraph B

Complaints about the impact of a certain approach

Paragraph C

Early recommendations concerning business activities

Paragraph D

Fundamental beliefs that are in fact incorrect

Paragraph E

Evidence that a certain approach can have more disadvantages than advantages

Paragraph F

How to achieve outcomes that are currently impossible

Paragraph G

Organisations that put a new approach into practice

Paragraph H

Neither approach guarantees continuous improvement

List of Heading

Complaints about the impact of a certain approach

Fundamental beliefs that are in fact incorrect

Early recommendations concerning business activities

Organisations that put a new approach into practice

Companies that have suffered from changing their approach

What people are increasingly expected to do

How to achieve outcomes that are currently impossible

Neither approach guarantees continuous improvement

Evidence that a certain approach can have more disadvantages than advantages

Paragraph A

What people are increasingly expected to do

List of Heading

Complaints about the impact of a certain approach

Fundamental beliefs that are in fact incorrect

Early recommendations concerning business activities

Organisations that put a new approach into practice

Companies that have suffered from changing their approach

What people are increasingly expected to do

How to achieve outcomes that are currently impossible

Neither approach guarantees continuous improvement

Evidence that a certain approach can have more disadvantages than advantages

GIẢI THÍCH CÂU 1

Định vị

Simplify & Connection

[Repeated information]

1 Organisation is big business.

2 Whether it is of our lives - all those inboxes and calendars - or how companies are structured, a multi-billion dollar industry helps to meet this need.

3 We have more strategies for time management, project management and self-organisation than at any other time in human history.

4 We are told that we ought to organise our company, our home life, our week, our day and even our sleep, all as a means to becoming more productive.

5 Every week, countless seminars and workshops take place around the world to tell a paying public that they ought to structure their lives in order to achieve this.

6 This rhetoric has also crept into the thinking of business leaders and entrepreneurs, much to the delight of self-proclaimed perfectionists with the need to get everything right.

7 The number of business schools and graduates has massively increased over the past 50 years, essentially teaching people how to organise well.

---- [Relationships]

1 Organisation (tổ chức) là một ngành công nghiệp lớn (trị giá hàng tỷ đô la). 2 Expand/Support câu 1 3 Expand/Support câu 1 4 Giải thích: organisation -> năng suất hơn 5 Expand/Support câu 4 6 Effect: Organisation -> phổ biến trong giới lãnh đạo và những người khác. 7 Expand/Support câu 6

Giải thích chi tiết

1 Organisation is big business. -> Organisation = là một ngành công nghiệp lớn 2 Whether it is of our lives - all those inboxes and calendars - or how companies are structured , a multi-billion dollar industry helps to meet this need. -> một ngành công nghiệp trị giá hàng tỷ đô la giúp đáp ứng nhu cầu này. (Support câu 1) 3 We have more strategies for time management, project management and self-organisation than at any other time in human history. -> Chúng ta có nhiều chiến lược để tổ chức hơn bất kỳ thời điểm nào khác trong lịch sử loài người. (Support câu 1)

4 We are told that we ought to organise our company, our home life, our week, our day and even our sleep, all as a means to becoming more productive. -> Chúng ta được bảo rằng chúng ta phải tổ chức -> một phương tiện để trở nên hiệu quả hơn (Đưa lý do cho câu 1) 5 Every week, countless seminars and workshops take place around the world to tell a paying public that they ought to structure their lives in order to achieve this. -> Công chúng được kêu gọi phải sắp xếp cuộc sống của mình để đạt được điều này (Support cho câu 4) 6 This rhetoric has also crept into the thinking of business leaders and entrepreneurs, much to the delight of self-proclaimed perfectionists with the need to get everything right . -> Luận điệu này cũng đã len lỏi vào suy nghĩ của các nhà lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp, doanh nhân. (Support cho câu 4) 7 The number of business schools and graduates has massively increased over the past 50 years, essentially teaching people how to organise well. -> Giáo dục về tổ chức đã phát triển mạnh trong 50 năm qua. (Support cho câu 4)

------------------ -> Main idea: 1-2-3 : Organisation = là một ngành công nghiệp lớn (trị giá hàng tỷ đô la) 4-5-6-7 : Quan điểm phổ biến: Mọi người nên tổ chức (organise) nhiều hơn để trở nên năng suất hơn (lý giải cho câu 1)

Rút ý chính của đoạn văn => so sánh với các lựa chọn để chọn câu trả lời đúng: PARAGRAPH: Chúng ta được bảo rằng chúng ta phải tổ chức nhiều hơn để trở nên hiệu quả hơn -> tổ chức đã trở nên phổ biến hơn OPTION VI: What people are increasingly expected to do

=> Đáp án chính xác là câu VI

Lưu ý

Nội dung giải thích được viết bởi DOL IELTS Đình Lực - Học Viện Tiếng Anh Tư Duy đầu tiên tại Việt Nam
Đề được viết bởi nhà xuất bản lớn gồm Cambridge và Oxford