A new role for livestock guard dogs IELTS Reading Answers with Explanation

Luyện tập đề IELTS Reading Practice với passage A new role for livestock guard dogs được lấy từ cuốn sách IELTS Cambridge IELTS Practice Test 20 - Test 4 - Passage 3 với trải nghiệm thi IELTS trên máy và giải thích đáp án chi tiết bằng Linearthinking, kèm list từ vựng IELTS cần học trong bài đọc.

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A new role for livestock guard dogs IELTS Reading Answers with Explanation

📖 Bài đọc (reading passage)

A new role for livestock guard dogs
Livestock guard dogs, traditionally used to protect farm animals from predators, are now being used to protect the predators themselves
A
A. For thousands of years, livestock guard dogs worked alongside shepherds to protect their sheep, goats and cattle from predators such as wolves and bears. But in the 19th and 20th centuries, when such predators were largely exterminated, most guard dogs lost their jobs. In recent years, however, as increased efforts have been made to protect wild animals, predators have become more widespread again. As a result, farmers once more need to protect their livestock, and guard dogs are enjoying an unexpected revival.
B
B. Today there are around 50 breeds of guard dogs on duty in various parts of the world. These dogs are raised from an early age with the animals they will be watching and eventually these animals become the dog's family. The dogs will place themselves between the livestock and any threat, barking loudly. If necessary, they will chase away predators, but often their mere presence is sufficient. 'Their initial training is to make them understand that livestock is going to be their life,' says Dan Macon, a shepherd with three guard dogs. 'A fluffy white puppy is fun to be around, but too much human affection makes it a great dog for guarding the front porch, rather than a great livestock guard dog.'
C
C. The evidence indicates that guard dogs are highly effective. For example, in Portugal, biologist Silvia Ribeiro has found that more than 90 per cent of the farmers participating in a programme to train and use guard dogs to protect their herds against attack from wolves rate the performance of the dogs as very good or excellent. In a study carried out in Australia by Linda van Bommel and Chris Johnson at the University of Tasmania, more than 65 per cent of herders reported that predation stopped completely after they got the dogs, and almost all the rest saw a decrease in attacks. 'If they are managed and used properly, livestock guard dogs are the most efficient control method that we have in terms of the amount of livestock that they save from predation,' says van Bommel.
D
D. But today's guard dogs also have a new role - to help preserve the predators. It is hoped that reductions in livestock losses can make farmers more tolerant of predators and less likely to kill them. In Namibia, more than 90 per cent of cheetahs live outside protected areas, close to humans raising livestock. As a result, the cheetahs are often held responsible for animal losses, and large numbers have been killed by farmers. When guard dogs were introduced, more than 90 per cent of farmers reported a dramatic reduction in livestock losses, and said that as a result they were less likely to kill predators. Julie Young, at Utah State University in the US, believes this result applies widely. 'There is common ground from the livestock perspective and from the conservation perspective,' she says. 'If ranchers don't have a dead cow, they will not make a call to apply for a permit to kill a wolf.'
E
E. Looking at all the published evidence, Bethany Smith at Nottingham Trent University in the UK found that up to 88 per cent of farmers said they no longer killed predators after using dogs - but warned that such self-reported results must be taken with a pinch of salt. What's more, it is possible that livestock guard dogs merely displace predators to unprotected neighbouring properties, where their fate isn't recorded. In some regions, we work with almost every farmer, but in others only one or two have dogs,' says Ribeiro. 'If we are not working with everybody, we are transferring the wolf pressure to the neighbour's herd and he can use poison and kill an entire pack of wolves.'
F
F. Another concern is whether there may be unintended ecological effects of using guard dogs. Studies suggest that reducing deaths of one type of predator may have a negative impact on other species. The extent of this problem isn't known, but the consequences are clear in Namibia. Cheetahs aren't the only species that cause sheep and goat losses there: other predators also attack livestock. In 2015, researchers reported that in spite of the impact farmers obtaining guard dogs had on cheetahs, the number of jackals killed by dogs and people actually increased. Guard dogs have other ecological impacts too. They have been found to spread diseases to wild animals, including endangered Ethiopian wolves. They may also compete with other carnivores for food. And by creating a 'landscape of fear', their mere presence can influence the behaviour of prey animals.
G
G. The evidence so far, however, indicates that these consequences aren't always negative. Guard dogs can deliver unexpected benefits by protecting vulnerable wildlife from predators. For example, their presence has been found to protect birds which build their nests on the ground in fields, where foxes would normally raid them. Indeed, Australian researchers are now using dogs to enhance biodiversity and create refuges for species threatened by predation. So if we can get this right, there may be a bright future for guard dogs in promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and wildlife.

❓ Câu hỏi (questions)

an example of how one predator has been protected by the introduction of livestock guard dogs

an optimistic suggestion about the possible positive developments in the use of livestock guard dogs

a description of how the methods used by livestock guard dogs help to keep predators away

claims by different academics that the use of livestock guard dogs is a successful way of protecting farmers' herds

a reference to how livestock guard dogs gain their skills

List of Findings

Dan Macon

Silvia Ribeiro

Linda van Bommel

Julie Young

Bethany Smith

The use of guard dogs may save the lives of both livestock and wild animals.

Claims of a change in behaviour from those using livestock guard dogs may not be totally accurate.

There may be negative results if the use of livestock guard dogs is not sufficiently widespread.

Livestock guard dogs are the best way of protecting farm animals, as long as the dogs are appropriately handled.

Teaching a livestock guard dog how to do its work needs a different focus from teaching a house guard dog.

Unintended ecological effects of using guard dogs

In Namibia, livestock guard dogs have been used to protect domestic animals from attacks by cheetahs. This has led to a rise in the deaths of other predators, particularly ﻿. In addition, it has been suggested that the dogs could have ﻿ which may affect other species, and that they may reduce the amount of ﻿ available to certain wild animals. On the other hand, these dogs may help birds by protecting their nests. These might otherwise be threatened by predators such as ﻿﻿

🔥 Answer key (đáp án và giải thích)

Giải thích chi tiết

Step 01: Read the question to understand (main idea + detail)

🪄 Simplified: an example of how one predator has been protected by the introduction of livestock guard dogs

an example of how → one predator has been protected by the introduction of livestock guard dogs 🔑 Main idea: Một ví dụ về cách → một loài săn mồi đã được bảo vệ - bằng cách đưa chó bảo vệ gia súc vào.

✨ Prediction: Thông tin này có thể liên quan đến một khu vực cụ thể hoặc loài thú săn mồi cụ thể và kết quả tích cực của việc sử dụng chó bảo vệ đàn gia súc

-------

Step 02: Locate relevant information

🔑 Keywords: predator, guard dogs, protect, livestock losses

💡 Chiến thuật:

Scan các đoạn tìm thông tin liên quan đến tên động vật (cheetahs, wolves) hoặc việc dùng chó bảo vệ đàn gia súc
Trong đoạn D xuất hiện cụm từ: “guard dogs also have a new role - to help preserve the predators” và ví dụ về cheetahs ở Namibia.

📌 Relevant sentence: “But today's guard dogs also have a new role - to help preserve the predators [...] In Namibia, more than 90 per cent of cheetahs live outside protected areas, close to humans raising livestock [...] When guard dogs were introduced, more than 90 per cent of farmers reported a dramatic reduction in livestock losses, and said that as a result they were less likely to kill predators.”

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Step 03: Read relevant information to understand (main + detail)

🪄 Simplified:

guard dogs have a new role = help preserve the predators guard dogs reduce livestock losses → farmers were less likely to kill predators

🔑 Main idea: Chó bảo vệ đàn gia súc giúp giảm thiệt hại gia súc → nông dân ít giết thú săn mồi (cheetahs ở Namibia).

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Step 04: Compare meaning with meaning

Question: Ví dụ về cách một loài thú săn mồi được bảo vệ nhờ sự xuất hiện của chó bảo vệ đàn gia súc.
Reading: Chó bảo vệ đàn gia súc giảm thiệt hại gia súc, khiến nông dân ở Namibia ít giết cheetahs hơn.

--> Đoạn văn này có meaning trùng khớp.

==> ✅ Chọn PARAGRAPH D.

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